Understanding Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes was once considered an adult disease, particularly common in those over 45. Recently, though, a surprising number of children are being diagnosed with the condition. Type 2 differs from juvenile onset diabetes (Type 1) in that it rarely requires insulin treatment. It can usually be handled with a proper diet and an exercise program, although oral medications may also be used.

There is no cure for diabetes, only treatment. The condition is a result of the pancreas’ inability to manufacture sufficient insulin or the body’s inability to utilize it properly. Insulin removes sugar from the blood and sends it to cells, where it is stored for energy usage. Too much sugar in the blood can lead to severe organ damage; fatigue can also result since the sugar cannot be burned for energy.

Diabetes can be a silent disease, with symptoms either not present or minor enough that many patients do not recognize them. Weight loss, excessive urination, and high levels of thirst or hunger can all be symptoms of diabetes. High blood sugar levels can also cause a blurring of vision and numbness of the toes or fingers.

Complications from diabetes may include kidney failure and nerve damage, particularly in the feet and legs. In addition, diabetes increases the patient’s risk for stroke, heart attack, and atherosclerosis. There is also some evidence that it may also be a contributing factor in some forms of dementia.

Type 2 diabetes is most common in people who are overweight and lead a sedentary lifestyle. Therefore, people with the condition, or those who at risk of developing it, should maintain a healthy weight. Exercise is also beneficial, as it lowers blood sugar levels.

Diet is crucial to controlling diabetes. Patients should schedule meals at approximately the same time each day. Meals should not vary substantially in terms of quantity and foods. A healthy diet, with a good balance of carbohydrates and proteins, should be followed daily.

A proper diabetic diet does not need to be costly. Some of the best foods for those with diabetes are also some of the least expensive. These include beans, oatmeal, and barley. Tomatoes and citrus fruits are recommended, as are leafy green vegetables, such as spinach. Dairy products such as milk and yogurt are good choices, but only if the fat free versions are chosen. Sugars should be eaten sparingly, and with prior planning by the reduction of other carbohydrates in the same meal.

Managing diabetes requires communication between doctor and patient. Alterations to the diabetic’s diet and exercise habits are usually required. But through a co-operative effort, the condition can be kept in check, and the risk of potentially life-threatening complications can be reduced.

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